Large "Vote Tomorrow" street signs held by volunteers at high-traffic intersections are found to increase voter turnout.

Full or half page GOTV ads placed in newspapers during mayoral elections are effective in mobilizing voter turnout and are cost-effective.

The quality and timing of GOTV phone calls are more important than message content or whether the calls are made by volunteers or paid professionals. Professional phone banks are found to be cost-competitive with canvassing and leafleting and more effective than the calls placed by volunteers.

Pooled results from eight voter mobilization volunteer phone call experiments indicate that brief volunteer phone conversations that are personal in tone can be effective in mobilizing voters. Volunteer phone campaigns can be cost-effective with door-to-door canvassing.

Comparing the effects of GOTV calls made by professional phone banks at different stages of a mobilization campaign, results suggest that calls made the week of the election are no more effective than calls made four weeks prior to the election.

Results from a 2004 “election protection” GOTV leafleting experiment in Florida counties that were subject to voting irregularities in the 2000 presidential election suggest that leafleting efforts were ineffective in increasing voter turnout rates of residents in treatment groups relative to control groups.

Participation in First-Time Voter Programs, in which high school students attend casual, informative sessions about voting and political participation, is found to have strong mobilization effects on new voters.

Door-to-door canvassing is effective in mobilizing turnout and support for a ballot proposal. Methodological concerns related to precinct-level randomization are discussed.

Holding community parties at polling sites is found to be effective in mobilizing voter turnout.

Estimates of the effects of door-to-door canvassing and phone call campaign experiments are compromised by low contact rates and treatment of control group subjects.